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The Digital Pedagogical Divide: Promises and Constraints of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19

Rakibul IslamRakibul Islam
•July 18, 2020•8 min read
The Digital Pedagogical Divide: Promises and Constraints of Online Learning in the Era of COVID-19

The discourse surrounding online instruction often overlooks the stark realities of hardware insufficiency. The issue transcends mere device quality; it is a fundamental problem of technological compatibility, as legacy Java-based mobile platforms remain inherently incapable of sustaining modern virtual conferencing applications. Furthermore, many students—myself included—were forced into a binary economic trade-off, opting to allocate limited household budgets toward laptops rather than smartphones. While some have since achieved a degree of digital parity, this underscores a profound systemic inequality: what of those whose resources remain insufficient to bridge this widening chasm of access?

It is not merely the lackluster mobile network or the exorbitant cost of data that hinders online education. Aside from a fortunate few, the majority of students retreated to their homes completely unmoored, lacking any semblance of preparedness. Many were forced to depart without their laptops or even their essential textbooks. With power outages, a dearth of learning materials, astronomical data costs, and a lack of functional hardware, we have embarked upon the mission of online schooling during a pandemic. In effect, we have marched into battle against the constraints of COVID-19 without a sword or a shield, playing the part of an ill-equipped Don Quixote. Many students do not possess a phone—or, more precisely, they do not possess a *suitable* one. One cannot simply install Zoom and attend lectures on a Java-based handset. And what of those who, prioritizing their studies, bypassed a smartphone to invest their limited budget into a laptop? I was among them. I have a phone and a laptop now, but what of those who have neither? They are not few in number; there are hundreds of thousands of them. These students must now procure modems and dedicated SIM cards. And for those who have absolutely nothing? In this era of "Modern Bangladesh," there are many who survive academically solely by photocopying course materials. Out of every hundred students, I can name at least twenty who are utterly incapacitated by these circumstances. How are they expected to function in an online environment?
Online classes during COVID-19, school, video conference, digitization
A commendable initiative would be for the government to provide data directly to students via the state-owned operator, Teletalk. However, this founders on the reality that Teletalk becomes effectively useless the moment the power fails. I have experienced this firsthand, living within a kilometer of a sub-district headquarters. When electricity is cut—often day and night under the guise of "maintenance"—the network collapses into "Emergency Calls Only." If this is the case for state-run infrastructure, the status of private operators is hardly better. Forget 4G—that is a network reserved for parliamentarians, with little to no meaningful public access. Even in district centers, reliable 4G remains a fantasy, let alone in the sub-districts. Grameenphone offers usable speeds only in the dead of night, between 3:00 AM and 8:00 AM. As for pricing, that is a matter the public—everyone except the government and state television—is well aware of. To stream a high-definition call via Skype, one requires a stable 1.2 Mbps connection; Zoom demands 3 Mbps and at least a 3G signal. Let us set aside the dream of HD. We know the reality of our network. When we struggle to achieve 128 kbps even on 3G, how can we possibly attend class?

Obstacles to Online Learning During the Pandemic

The Absence of Learning Materials

Students have left their books behind. They are not available in their home districts, and even if they were, they are often prohibitively expensive. Those who relied on photocopies are now completely stranded. There are perhaps two students in a hundred with the intellectual fortitude to study effectively without such materials. For those who relied on tuition fees of 3,000 taka to survive the month, this is nothing short of a cruel farce.

Fragile Internet Connectivity

Consistent connectivity is non-negotiable. At current speeds, uninterrupted participation is impossible. The frustration of attending with the video off is immense; one only needs to attempt using Zoom with the camera on to understand the chaos. The volatility of these connections serves only to discourage student engagement.

Lack of Suitable Devices

Some lack phones, others lack laptops, and many lack both. While a laptop is not strictly essential, a functional smartphone is a prerequisite for online classes. For those without one, the path forward is non-existent.

Power Outages

While outages may be infrequent in major metropolitan centers, the conditions in the sub-districts are dire. Take Patgram, for instance: if the sun shines too brightly or an autumn cloud drifts by, the power vanishes—often for days at a time. This is not an isolated case; one need only look at the state of electricity in any sub-district outside of the main city center to understand the despair.

The High Cost of Data

Teletalk is arguably the most student-friendly operator, offering 10GB for 97 taka. Yet, their network coverage is inadequate. As for the other operators, their data charges border on the predatory. One need only visit their official websites to verify the extent of this financial exploitation.

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Cybersecurity

We live in a democracy, where the act of speaking is an inherently high-risk endeavor. If I raise these grievances, I might well be branded a "traitor." If this is the climate for a student, what of the security of our teachers? I do not suggest that educators would engage in sedition, but an internet-dependent classroom brings the question of privacy to the fore. Zoom has as many detractors as it has users. This is not merely a single institution; it involves hundreds of thousands of students and educators. We must ensure an environment where objective, logical discourse is protected and participants are secure, regardless of their position.

What is the Solution?

Before proceeding, we must establish the necessary infrastructure and address the systemic flaws. We are not government officials with the luxury of billing 400,000 taka for snacks during a video meeting. Students are concerned with their careers and the management thereof. Whether through live classes or recorded video lectures, they simply want to learn. The momentum must not be allowed to die. A viable alternative would be for teachers to record their lectures and upload them to a centralized server. This would eliminate the burden of synchronous online attendance. Those without the means to join live could access these files from local computer centers at their convenience.

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Furthermore, for students whose examinations have been deferred, a localized approach is necessary. Institutions could allow graduating students to appear for exams in person, adhering to strict social distancing protocols. By utilizing more classrooms to reduce density, we could avert the tragedy of permanent session backlogs.

Blunt Truths

We are trapped in an educational system that demands we change our colors like chameleons to survive. We consume and regurgitate, retaining nothing. We have become as fluid as water, abandoning our individuality to suit the shape of the vessel. In this crisis, how many students have received a call from their instructors? Has anyone asked after their well-being? Even in normal times, how many teachers have reached out to discuss a student’s progress or financial struggles? Students are forgotten until the moment annual fees or admission dues arise. The relationship between student and teacher has degraded to the relationship between the citizenry and the government—a performative concern that surfaces only when it is time for an election. This is the failure of our educational ethos.

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There is inherent malice in our circles, and it will persist. We allow our grievances to fester into betrayal, misrepresenting one another to those in authority. We trade in rumors, chasing ghosts, only to find that the only casualty is the sincerity of our relationships. It is a profound shame that at the university level, some instructors actively participate in this backstabbing. They are the same figures who, from behind the lectern, grandly lecture us on equality and ambition. It is a tragedy from which there is no apparent escape. Every system has its merits and flaws; we must navigate the latter to reach the former. We cannot simply issue directives and wait for the vacuum to fill itself. The delay in commencing classes since the 9th of July is the direct result of mismanagement. This has mirrored our erratic preparation for the pandemic itself. We must take accountability to ensure efficient administration; otherwise, like our healthcare system, our education sector will become yet another festering wound on the nation. We must approach these issues with a clear, healthy mindset. If we treat this as a farce, we invite nothing but catastrophe.

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Rakibul Islam

Rakibul Islam

Author & Contributor, MaroonPaper

Contributing insightful research and analytical essays on law, politics, history, and international affairs for MaroonPaper.

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